What New Research Reveals About Permeation-Enhanced Topical Estrogen Formulations
A 2025 in vitro study in Pharmaceuticals (Basel), In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption of Permeation-Enhancing Estrogen Formulations, explored how different permeation-enhancing bases influence estradiol (and bi-est estriol/estradiol) absorption compared with a commercial estradiol gel.